Primary springs

This consists of a series of strong V-shaped steel tiles, connected to a natural rubber compound with high elastic characteristics due to vulcanisation.

Applications:
They are mainly used in rail transport, but can be used as elastic suspensions in general.
Properly positioned between a frame and a bushing, as can be seen in the figure, they can be an excellent substitute for the metal springs used to date. The advantages from an economic point of view are considerable and can be summarised in the following points:
1-Simpler and cheaper bushing.
2-Elimination of the rocker arm and its pins. 3-Elimination of bushing guides.
4-Low noise
5-Better elastic effect.
6-Low maintenance.

By choosing the right compound, it is also possible to minimise the vibration effect, resulting in improved comfort along with a longer life of dynamically stressed parts such as axles and bushing bearings.
There are springs of different sizes for different applications as indicated, depending on the applied load.

Method of use:
When the spring is mounted with another identical one, at a certain angle (ß), it can support considerable loads in the three directions. Naturally, the more inclined the two springs are, the greater the load supported. However, a higher inclination will result in greater rigidity and therefore it is recommended to keep the angle (ß) between 16° and 40°.
Another condition that changes the load capacity is the hardness of the rubber compound. A hardness of 60 sh. is commonly used but, depending on the type of application, it may be opportune to use greater hardnesses for higher loads and/or vice versa.